During which stage do children face the crisis of autonomy vs. shame and doubt according to Erikson?

The stage during which children face the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt is indeed the toddlerhood phase, which generally encompasses ages 1 to 3 years. During this period, children are developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. They begin to assert their autonomy by choosing what they want to eat, wear, and play with. It's a critical time where they explore the world around them and develop confidence in their abilities.

If toddlers are encouraged and supported in their choices, they will develop a sense of autonomy. However, if they are overly controlled or criticized, they may begin to feel shame and doubt about their abilities. This foundational stage is essential for fostering self-esteem and independence, which influences their social and emotional development later in life. Thus, toddlerhood is significant for developing a sense of self that can be carried into future stages of development.