What characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by symptoms that fall into two core domains: difficulties in social interaction and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. This dual focus is fundamental to the diagnosis and understanding of ASD.

Individuals with ASD often struggle with understanding social cues, forming relationships, and communicating effectively, which highlights the challenges in social interaction. On the other hand, restricted and repetitive behaviors can manifest in various ways, such as engaging in the same activity repeatedly, an intense focus on specific topics, or adherence to routines.

While other options mention aspects related to ASD, such as mood swings, creativity, or intellectual abilities, they do not capture the core characteristics that define the disorder itself. For example, frequent mood swings and anxiety can occur in various psychological conditions and are not specific to ASD. Similarly, creativity and exceptional skills may be seen in some individuals on the spectrum, but they do not characterize the disorder as a whole. These elements may vary widely among individuals with ASD, making them less relevant to the core diagnostic criteria.