What does non-verbal communication NOT include?

Non-verbal communication encompasses various forms of conveying meaning without the use of spoken words. This includes elements such as vocal tones, facial expressions, and body posture, which all convey feelings and attitudes that may not be explicitly articulated.

Text-based messages, on the other hand, rely on written language to communicate information. They are a form of verbal communication, as they utilize words and syntax to convey meaning. Therefore, they do not fall under the umbrella of non-verbal communication, which is inherently non-linguistic in nature.

Understanding the distinctions between these forms of communication is vital for effective interaction, particularly in therapeutic settings where non-verbal cues can significantly affect the therapeutic relationship and process.