Which psychological theorist is most closely associated with the concept of self-efficacy?

The concept of self-efficacy is most closely associated with Albert Bandura, who is a significant figure in psychology and is known for his work in social cognitive theory. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Bandura proposed that this belief influences not only the choice of activities and the effort put into them but also the persistence in the face of challenges. His studies demonstrated that higher self-efficacy can lead to better performance and outcomes, making it a critical topic in both psychology and therapeutic settings.

In contrast, while Carl Rogers focused on humanist psychology and emphasized concepts like self-concept and unconditional positive regard, his work does not specifically center on self-efficacy. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory primarily delves into unconscious processes and childhood experiences, lacking a direct connection to self-efficacy in the same manner. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs, which addresses motivation and personal growth, but does not specifically target or define the notion of self-efficacy. Therefore, Bandura is the theorist who most accurately embodies the concept of self-efficacy through his extensive research and theoretical contributions.