In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage that corresponds to the challenge of basic trust vs. mistrust is indeed the stage of infancy. This stage typically occurs from birth to around 18 months of age. During this crucial period, infants rely heavily on their caregivers to meet their basic needs, such as nourishment, comfort, and security. If caregivers provide consistent and reliable support, infants develop a sense of trust in the world around them. This foundational sense of trust is critical for healthy emotional and psychological development and influences future stages of development.
In contrast, if caregivers are inconsistent, neglectful, or unresponsive, infants may develop a sense of mistrust, leading to anxiety and insecurity in their interactions with others as they grow. This formative experience lays the groundwork for how individuals approach relationships and challenges in later life stages.